NIH對(duì)一次性口罩
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去污后還能保持有效防護(hù)

本文摘譯自NIAID官網(wǎng)2020年4月15日新聞稿，以下為詳文：

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據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院（National Institutes of Health）的科學(xué)家稱，N95防護(hù)口罩可以被有效去污且保持功能完整，最多有三種方法。N95防護(hù)口罩是專為一次性使用而設(shè)計(jì)的，醫(yī)護(hù)人員佩戴它是為了減少暴露在空氣中的傳染源，包括引起COVID-19的病毒。這項(xiàng)研究是在一個(gè)受控實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的，結(jié)果已公布在今日預(yù)印服務(wù)器上。研究結(jié)果尚未經(jīng)過同行評(píng)審，但正在共享，以協(xié)助公共衛(wèi)生部門應(yīng)對(duì)COVID-19。?

NIH原文截圖

這項(xiàng)研究的調(diào)查人員是蒙大拿州（Montana）漢密爾頓（Hamilton）的美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院（National Institutes of Health）洛基山實(shí)驗(yàn)室（RML）的成員，該實(shí)驗(yàn)室隸屬于美國(guó)國(guó)家過敏和傳染病研究所（NIAID）。他們與來自加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的合作者一起，測(cè)試了N95濾布小段的去污效果，這些濾布曾接觸過導(dǎo)致COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2病毒。測(cè)試的去污方法包括汽化過氧化氫（VHP）、70攝氏度干熱、紫外線和70％乙醇噴霧。

所有四種方法均從N95織物測(cè)試樣品中消除了可檢測(cè)到的活病毒。研究人員隨后用同樣的去污方法處理了完好無損的、干凈的防護(hù)口罩，以測(cè)試其重復(fù)使用的耐久性。為確定防護(hù)口罩在面部是否保持適當(dāng)?shù)馁N合度和密封性，RML員工志愿者佩戴口罩兩個(gè)小時(shí)；使用相同的程序?qū)γ總€(gè)口罩重復(fù)進(jìn)行了三次去污。?

科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩次去污之后，乙醇噴霧劑會(huì)破壞防護(hù)口罩的貼合度和密封性，因此不推薦將乙醇噴霧劑用于N95防護(hù)口罩的消毒。經(jīng)紫外線和熱處理的三次消毒后，防護(hù)口罩開始出現(xiàn)貼合性和密封性問題——表明這些防護(hù)口罩可以重復(fù)使用兩次。經(jīng)VHP處理的口罩沒有出現(xiàn)故障，表明它們有潛在可能地被重復(fù)使用三次。

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作者認(rèn)為，VHP是最有效的去污方法，因?yàn)閮H經(jīng)過10分鐘的處理就無法檢測(cè)到病毒。只要紫外線和干熱方法應(yīng)用至少60分鐘，是可以被接受的去污程序。作者敦促，任何將N95防護(hù)口罩去污的人，在每次重復(fù)使用之前，需要檢查防護(hù)口罩在面部的貼合度和密封性。

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（備注：預(yù)印本是未經(jīng)同行評(píng)審認(rèn)證工作的初步報(bào)告。不應(yīng)依靠它們來指導(dǎo)臨床實(shí)踐或與健康相關(guān)的行為，也不應(yīng)在新聞媒體中將其作為既定信息進(jìn)行報(bào)道。）?

原文：

NIH Study Validates Decontamination Methods For Re-Use of N95 Respirators

Three Methods Effectively Sanitized Masks for Limited Re-Use

April 15, 2020

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N95 respirators can be decontaminated effectively and maintain functional integrity for up to three uses, according to National Institutes of Health scientists. N95 respirators are designed for single-use and are worn by healthcare providers to reduce exposure to airborne infectious agents, including the virus that causes COVID-19.? The study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting, and the results were posted on a preprint server on today. The findings are not yet peer-reviewed but are being shared to assist the public health response to COVID-19.?

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The study investigators are with NIH’s Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Montana, part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). With collaborators from the University of California, Los Angeles, they tested the decontamination of small sections of N95 filter fabric that had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.? Decontamination methods tested included vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP), 70-degree Celsius dry heat, ultraviolet light, and 70% ethanol spray.

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All four methods eliminated detectable viable virus from the N95 fabric test samples. The investigators then treated fully intact, clean respirators with the same decontamination methods to test their reuse durability. Volunteer RML employees wore the masks for two hours to determine if they maintained a proper fit and seal over the face; decontamination was repeated three times with each mask using the same procedure.

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The scientists found that ethanol spray damaged the integrity of the respirator’s fit and seal after two decontamination sessions and therefore do not recommend it for decontaminating N95 respirators.? UV and heat-treated respirators began showing fit and seal problems after three decontaminations—suggesting these respirators potentially could be re-used twice. The VHP-treated masks experienced no failures, suggesting they potentially could be re-used three times.

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The authors concluded that VHP was the most effective decontamination method, because no virus could be detected after only a 10-minute treatment. UV and dry heat were acceptable decontamination procedures as long as the methods are applied for at least 60 minutes. The authors urge anyone decontaminating an N95 respirator to check the fit and seal over the face before each re-use.

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